Can a missed curfew impact custody rights?

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If I miss my curfew, what happens?

Scenario:

Mike is a 14 year-old child living with his mom and dad in Toronto, Ontario. His parents had always given a rough timeline on when he should come home during the weekdays. However, after Mike entered high school, he had more extracurricular activities after school. His parents became more lenient on the time he is allowed to return home. Sometimes it can be as late as 11pm at night.

Recently Mike met new friends with whom he’s spending more and more time at night. One Saturday, Mike didn’t come home until 2:30am in the morning! As his parents start to get anxious as Mike stays later outside, they are worried about his wellbeing.  Recently there was news about the increasing crime rate surrounding the neighbourhood and they finally set some ground rules on when Mike should come home.

Mike’s parents set a new curfew for weekends at 12am and if he needs to stay out later than that, he must call home to explain the reasoning behind his lateness and whether an adult can escort him back safely. They also gave him a warning that in parts of Canada, there were curfew laws. They mentioned to him that although currently where they live, they are unsure whether such laws exist, however it’s still dangerous to come home late in the night.

Aware of his new curfew, Mike didn’t think much of it until the upcoming party at the Scarborough Bluffs next Friday. It was on the other side of town and would be difficult to get home by midnight, unless he left the party really early. On one hand he is sure that if he stayed past curfew, his family will have a fit! Not to mention, his parents had scared him that in parts of Canada, it was illegal to be out late at night.  On the other hand this party was one party he cannot miss.

What does Mike need to know about the law?

LEGAL INFORMATION

Mike’s parents have good reason to be concerned about their fourteen son coming home so late. There is a law that tells them they can’t let their kids stay out in public late at night! The Child and Family Services Act says that parents of children under sixteen cannot permit their children to be without an authorized adult in public places between midnight and six am.  If parents or a designated adult are with the child in the public place, then it is ok, they can be out late.  But it is actually illegal for kids under age 16, like Mike, to be “loitering” in a public place or at a “place of entertainment” without a parent or designated adult between midnight and 6am.

The child will not be arrested and charged for breaching the curfew, but there are possible consequences for his family.  The Child and Family Services Act gives police the power to apprehend a child without a warrant if they find the child without a parent/adult in a public place between 12am and 6am.  Often, the police simply bring the child back to their parents’ home. However, depending on the circumstances and the level of concern for the child's well-being, they do have the power to bring Mike into the care of a Children’s Aid Society, who can then commence child protection proceedings in court. This could affect the parents’ custody rights over Mike. In other words, it can be very serious.

To read more about this law, check out sections 79(5), 79(6) and 79(7) of the Child and Family Services Act.

If you are a young person living in Ontario and have legal questions about your specific situation, please call JFCY at 416.920.1633 or 1.866.999.5329.

This scenario was written by JFCY PLE Team Volunteer Deby Ko, who is now a law student at the University of Windsor.  Legal info by JFCY. 

Late Night Swims in Public Pools: Legal?

Scenario by PLE Team volunteer Stefan Vernier (perhaps dreaming of summer days...)

Photo used with permission from Alyssa Katherine Faoro, akFAORO.com 

On a warm summer night, three friends are hanging out in the parking lot of their local pizza shop. After spending a couple of hours talking to each other, Todd, who is 15, says that he’s getting bored. He suggests that the three of them head down to the park near their community centre, where they can pass around a soccer ball. Kyle and Thomas, who are also 15 years old, agree that they’d have a much better time playing soccer at the park.

When they arrive at the park, they realize that the street lights that illuminate the soccer field have already been turned off. “We’re too late guys,” says Kyle. “The city turns off the lights at 12 a.m.”

Slightly disgruntled, they stare at each other for a few seconds, hoping that the other person would think of something else that they could do to pass the time. Suddenly Todd speaks up. “Hey, you know what would be really fun?” He pauses for a moment, making sure that Kyle and Thomas are listening to what he has to say. “What if we took a swim in the community centre’s outdoor swimming pool, just for a bit?”

Intrigued by the idea, Thomas shouts ecstatically, “Yea, let’s go for it!” 

Kyle, on the other hand, did not share the same excitement. “But they close the pool after 10 p.m. There’s a lock on the front gate for a reason you know,” he says. “I don’t want to get in trouble, guys. The sign on the fence says that we can’t enter when the pool is closed and that we could be fined if we get caught.”

“Okay, suit yourself then,” says Todd, as he and Thomas climb the fence and jump into the pool, which is run by their city’s Parks and Recreation department. The two of them spend another half-hour playing in the pool, while Kyle stands idle outside the fence.

Suddenly, a police car pulls up outside the community centre. An officer walks out and notices the boys swimming.

LEGAL INFO by JFCY

Trespass to Property Act

Ontario has a law that makes trespassing illegal.  A trespasser is someone who is on or is using land that doesn’t belong to them without permission of the person or people who are responsible for and who control that land.  Todd and Thomas are clearly trespassing according to Ontario law, because the locked gate and fence make it clear that the pool shouldn’t be accessed without permission. The signs also make this clear.

Todd and Thomas could be charged with trespassing ("enter premise where entry prohibited").  Since they are breaking provincial law, the section of the Provincial Offences Act that applies to people under age 16 would apply if they were charged.  (This is different from being charged with a criminal offence, where the Youth Criminal Justice Act applies to people under 18.)  There are a number of differences between the treatment of adults who are charged with provincial offences and young people who are charged with the same offences.  One difference is that young peoples' identities are protected from publication.  Another is that there is a limit on penalties for offences:  the maximum a person under age 16 can be fined is $1000, whereas the maximums for adult fines can be much higher. But remember, provincial offences are different than criminal offences (that is a whole other topic!).

Curfew

We’ve covered the curfew issue on the blog before: The Child and Family Services Act says that parents of children under sixteen cannot permit their children to be without an authorized adult in public places between midnight and six am.  Kyle, Todd, and Thomas all fall under this Act, since they are 15.  They shouldn't have been at the swimming pool or even at the park at this time of night. If caught, the police may be take these boys home or even bring them to a children's aid society.

Municipal Bylaws

The sign outside the swimming pool probably refers to the municipal bylaws that regulate public swimming pool access in Todd’s city.  (We explained municipal bylaws previously here!) For example, in Toronto, municipal bylaws say that people must not use public swimming pools outside designated times, and that they must obey the signs posted in or adjacent to the pool.  The police officer can tell Todd and Thomas that they must leave the pool.  The police could also charge these youth with breaching a municipal by-law and the end result could be that they must pay a fine.  As in trespassing, the rules about young people under Provincial Offences Act would apply.

IF YOU ARE A YOUNG PERSON WHO HAS BEEN CHARGED WITH A PROVINCIAL OR MUNICIPAL OFFENCE YOU CAN CALL JFCY FOR LEGAL ADVICE. 416.920.1633